I – PREPARATION OF COPY
Ambiguous characters
Please do not confuse:
— the Hindu-Arabic numeral 0 (zero) with the capital letter O;
— the letter l (lowercase el) with the capital I (i) and the Hindu-Arabic numeral 1 (one), which some printers print identically;
— the short hyphen or en dash (–), with the long hyphen (–) or em dash. If the computer you are using does not produce the em dash, make it using two en dashes (—).
Blank space between words and punctuation marks
Separate each word with a single space.
Do not insert spaces:
– between a punctuation mark and the preceding word;
– between the opening of a bracket and the following word; between the closing of a bracket and the preceding word;
– between the opening of inverted commas and the following word; between the closing of inverted commas and the preceding word; – after the full stop at the end of a paragraph;
– between the dotted initials of a double or more Christian name (e.g.: L.B. Alberti);
— between the dotted letters in abbreviations (e.g.: s.v., B.C. or U.T.E.T. [= Unione tipografico-editrice torinese] and M.I.T.);
— between the number of folios in mss. or early printed books and the abbreviations for recto and verso (e.g.: fol 45r; fols 4v-8r).
Insert a single space:
– after every punctuation mark except the full stop at the end of a paragraph;
– between the opening of a bracket and the previous word, and between the closing of a bracket and the following word;
– between the opening of inverted commas and the previous word (except in the case where an apostrophe precedes), and between the closing of inverted commas and the following word;
– between the long hyphen (em dash) and the previous character and between the long dash and the following character.
Punctuation marks
— Use a colon (followed by a capital) to distinguish the subtitle from the title of a volume or article (e.g.: Daniel Arasse, Alberti et le plaisir de la peinture: Propositions de recherche)
Hard Spaces
Certain letter combination should appear all on one line, and these must therefore be connected using hard spaces (indicated in the following examples by /):
— Christian name abbreviations and the following surname (e.g.: L.B./Alberti);
— Academic or honorific titles and the following name (e.g.: dott./Anicio Bonucci);
— numerals and the words to which they refer (e.g.: cm/44; 30/anni);
— the long or em dash at the beginning of a parenthetical phrase and the following word; the closing long or em dash and the following word.
Inverted commas
— Use double angle brackets («…») not inverted commas, for quotations of a short passage or of one or more words, and for the title of a periodical or the chapter of a volume (for longer citations use an indented paragraph without double angle brackets); see also below BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES.
— Use double inverted commas (“…”) for a quotation occurring within another quotation, as well as for words or expressions used in an unusual or ironic way.
— Use single inverted commas (‘…’) only for indicating the meaning or definition of a word or expression.
Small Capitals
— Small capitals should be used for the authors’ Christian and surnames cited in notes, except in the case of titles (especially in Latin) in which such names play an integral part.
Examples:
— Daniel Arasse, Alberti et le plaisir de la peinture… Leonis Baptistæ Alberti Opera inedita…
Italics
Use italics only in the following cases:
— to indicate the title of a volume, an article, or the work of an author;
— when single words of another language are used, with the exception of those already in common use;
— in brief quotations inserted within brackets, after an affirmation or the translation of a word or an expression. E.g.:
Per Quintiliano (Inst. or., II XIII 12), egli «ne velò il capo e lasciò che ciascuno lo valutasse nella sua mente» (velavit eius caput et suo cuique animo dedit æstimandum); Trattasi di tecniche di «biasimo indiretto» (παράψογος) e di «lode indiretta» (παρέπαινος)
Initial capital letters
The following begin with a capital:
— the first word of a sentence or of the complete title of a literary or artistic work (even when the word is the definite article) (e.g.: The origin of species…, but the Intercœnales). With titles of works (with the exception of proper nouns) only the first word begins with a capital (e.g.: De re ædificatoria; De pictura; Descriptio urbis Romæ);
— names of people, surnames, patronymics, and nicknames (the definite article if it appears within the nickname takes lower case) (e.g.: Agnolo Ambrogini, called il Poliziano; Leonardo da Vinci; Lorenzo the Magnificent);
— words for periods, eras, epochs, and events of great importance (e.g.: the Quattrocento; the Renaissance; the Twenties; the French Revolution)
— geographical names, celestial bodies, names of streets and monuments, toponyms (e.g.: the Earth turns around the Sun; the via Appia; la Scala; the Alps; Francia)
— common nouns used in an absolute sens or to designate departments of public administration (ess.: the State; the Church, but the church of St James; the Treasury; the Borough of Camden)
Initial lower-case letters
The following begin with a lower-case letter:
— Social, political and religious qualifications, noble and academic titles, military ranks (e.g.: president; minister; bishop; general; king; duke, doctor)
Diphthongs
— the diphthongs in Latin and French, ae, oe should be types as æ, œ (e.g.: De re ædificatoria; les mœurs)
Accents
— In texts written in Italian, always distinguish between grave, acute and circumflex accents, never use an apostrophe, even when it falls upon a capital letter (e.g.: «È strano…»; do not write it as: «E’ strano…»). It is recommended that circumflex accents should be used to indicate the contraction of the final vowel in the plural of words such as studio, principio, etc. (studî, principî)
— In texts written in French, mark accents above capital letters and small caps (e.g.: SOCIÉTÉ; René Descartes)
New paragraphs
— The beginning of every paragraph should be indented by one tab.
Footnotes
— Footnote numbers in the text should be in superscript (without brackets), and always after any punctuation — but before the closing of a bracket or an em (long) dash. E.g.: The matter – as So-and-so wrote,4 and as Caius himself said5 –, could not be considered closed.
Notes
— Always use footnotes, numbering them progressively from the beginning to the end of the text.
Abbreviations
— In abbreviations, always include the full stops after the capital letters (e.g.: M.I.T. and not MIT; U.T.E.T. and not UTET).
II – BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES
General Observations
Cf. and See.
— Use Cf. when it is a question of reproducing (or referring to) the original text after having typed the translation, a paraphrase or a precis, as well as when referring to a study or work of which an affirmation, position or idea has been briefly reproduced.
— Use See in the case of more general references (bibliographical or similar).
Avoid using either when in a note only bibliographical references are supplied for a quotation in the text.
Taking the details from the title page (in cases where this is incomplete adding words within square brackets – if necessary adding a following question mark) provide in every case, and in the following order,
place of publication, publisher or printer, date of publication (in Hindu-Arabic or Roman numerals, as in the title page)
Details should be cited in the language of publication – if necessary adding the number of the edition in superscript.
IN EVERY CASE, CITE CAREFULLY ALL THE DETAILS ON THE TITLE-PAGE (including any errors that may appear)
Never abbreviate the indications on the title-page regarding the editor or translator with generic remarks such as ed., ed. by, etc.
In the case of exceptionally long titles, any abbreviation of the title-page details which may be required should be marked […].
Always distinguish between tome (t.), volume (vol.), and part, etc.
Always cite page numbers completely (e.g.: pp. 421-428; avoid: pp. 421-28, pp. 421-8).
In the case of critical studies, always refer to the original edition.
As for sources in general, and in particular with respect to the writings of Leon Battista Alberti, always refer to the standard edition (critical editions, where they exist).
In all cases, include references to any existing anastatic reproductions within square brackets. And if desired, include (after an em dash) complete bibliographical references to any translations that may exist in the language in which the curent article is written.
Examples:
— Girolamo Mancini, Vita di Leon Battista Alberti, Firenze, Carnesecchi, 19112 [= Roma, Bardi, 1967 e 1971]
— Leon Battista Alberti, De commodis litterarum atque incommodis, A cura di Laura Goggi Carotti, Firenze, Olschki, MCMLXXVI
— Michael Baxandall, Giotto and the orators: Humanist observers of painting in Italy and the discovery of pictorial composition: 1350-1450, London, Oxford University Press, 1971, pp. 138 s. – tr. fr. di Maurice Brock: Les humanistes à la découverte de la composition en peinture: 1340-1450, Paris, Seuil, 1989, pp. 179-187.
First occurrence or citation of a work
— always cite in full the names of author(s), editor(s), translator(s); Whenever the Christian name of the author or editor is indicated in the volume or article cited only by an initial, complete it (where possible) placing the added letters within square brackets.
Christian names and surnames authors should be written in small caps.
— always cite in full and in italics, titles and any subtitles recording accurately what appears on the title-page. Use a colon (followed by a capital letter) to separate the title and the subtitle.
Examples:
— Leon Battista Alberti, Opere volgari, a cura di Cecil Grayson, vol. II: Rime e trattati morali, Bari, Laterza, 1966
— F[rancesco] C. Pellegrini, Agnolo Pandolfini e il Governo della famiglia: Notizie e considerazioni, in «Giornale storico della Letteratura italiana», vol. VIII, 1886, pp. 1-52
Subsequent occurrences or citations
— indicate the initial(s) of the Christian name, followed by the surname of the author, all in small caps. If the name of the author in question occurs in the immediately preceding note (in another bibliographical reference), type simply ID. (for a man) and EAD. (for a woman).
— cite the title (in italics) – this may be abbreviated. If the title is so abbreviated, indicate this with three points (…)
— close the bibliographical references with the abbreviation cit., followed by any necessary further indications (vol., part, pp.).
Do not use generic indications such as op. cit.
In cases where the work referred to appears in the immediately preceding note, simply type Ibid. or ibid. (depending on the case), followed by any necessary further indications (vol., part, pp.).
E.g.:
— L.B. Alberti, Opere volgari, A c. di C. Grayson, ed. cit., vol. II, cit., p. 100
— Ibid., p. 115
— F.C. Pellegrini, Agnolo Pandolfini e il Governo della famiglia…, cit., pp. 12-22; ID., Rev. of Leonis Baptistæ Alberti Opera inedita…, cit., p. 49
Works of joint authorship
— If the number of authors or editors is limited to two or three, include the Christian and surnames of all (for authors use small caps), if necessary separating one from the next by a hyphen.
— If the number of authors or editors is four or more, indicate only the Christian and surnames of the first one (for authors use small caps) followed by the words et alii (in italics).
Avoid the bibliographically absurd siglum AA.VV.
E.g.:
— Riccardo Fubini – Anna Menci Gallorini, L’autobiografia di Leon Battista Alberti: Studio e edizione, in «Rinascimento», s. II, XII, 1972 [sed 1974], pp. 21-78
— The languages of literature in Renaissance Italy, Edited by Peter Hainsworth et alii, Oxford, Clarendon, 1988
Reviews
— Always indicate the total number of pages in the work reviewed, distinguishing, if the distinction appears in the volume itself, the pages marked with Hindu-Arabic numerals from those marked with Roman numerals. Also record the number of plates (if any), including illustrations on unnumbered pages (hors texte, fuori testo) (e.g., pp. 300; pp. XLII-243; pp. XII-180, XI pls.)
III – MARKING OF THE TEXT FOR THE COMPILATION OF THE INDEX NOMINVM
The compilation of the Index nominum for «Albertiana», previously manual, has from volume IV (2001) onwards become semi- automatic. Whilst this new procedure guarantees greater accuracy it also requires specific marking for names in the texts as well as in the notes of the Articles, Edited Texts and translations, Notes & documents, Reviews, etc. — in short for all contributions to the journal (apart from the Summaries, but Captions for illustrations should follow this new procedure).
Every author is thus asked to mark his/her text once it has been approved by the journal’s Committee of Editors and Readers.
Both immediately before and immediately after every occurrence of a first name and/or last name to be included in the index (i.e., of every personal name appearing in the text which is not legendary or mythical or a name of a character in a story, novel, romance, dialogue, drama, etc.), the following three characters should be marked (easily findable on any computer keyboard and
which will consequently act as ad hoc code for the subsequent automated generation of the index): ® # ©. The characters should be used in the following order and way:
®First name#Last name©
E.g.: ®Francesco#Petrarca©
®Leon Battista#Alberti©
®Guillaume#Budé©
®Cecil#Grayson©
®Paul Oskar#Kristeller©
Whenever the first name or last name is omitted, the same method should be used, typing side by side the characters between which the omitted term would have appeared.
E.g.: ®#Alberti© ; ®Battista#© ; ®Leone Battista#© ; ®Battista#Alberti©
«[…] for ®#Alberti©, the problem was limited to the disegno […]»
Nota bene:
Please do not insert (or leave) blank spaces (or hard spaces) between a first name or last name and the special characters which precede or follow it..
Special cases:
— Names of kings, popes, princes, emperors… should be treated as last names (with the first names omitted).
E.g.: ®#François Ier© ; ®#Iulius II© ; ®#Carlo V© ; ®#Eugenio IV©
— Names of authors, artists, etc. without last names should also be treated as last names (with the first names omitted), but nevertheless taking care to type in the space for the last name all other elements required for identifying the person, provided that they are quoted in the text.
E.g.: ®#Francesco d’Assisi© ; ®#Leonardo da Vinci© ; ®#Martin de Tours©
®#John of Salisbury© ; ®#Lucian of Samosata© ; ®#Mathieu de Vendôme©
IV – ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviations must be used in the notes. Please follow the forms indicated below – the list is not exhaustive.
As a general rule, plurals are formed by doubling the final consonant (e.g., artt. = articles; pp. = pages).
a c. di = a cura di [abbreviation only for citations subsequent to the first]
all. = allemand(e)
angl. = anglais(e)
art. = article // articolo
Bd. = Band
c. = carta [for texts written in Italian]
ca. = circa
cap. = capitolo
cf. = confer
cfr. = confronta
chap. = chapitre // chapter
cit. = cité // citato // citatus
cm = centimetro // centimètre // centimetre
cod. = codex // codice
col. = colonna // colonne // column
dir. = direction, directeur, dirigé // director, directed // direzione, direttore, diretto
dx. = destro (-a) // droit(e)
ed. = edizione // edition // editio vel editor
éd. = édition
Engl. = English
e.g. = exempli gratia
es. = esempio
etc. = etcetera, et cœtera
ex. = exemple(s) // example(s)
f. = foglio [for texts written in Italian]
f. = following
f.t. = fuori testo
fasc. = fascicolo
fig. = figura // figure
fl. = floruit
fo, fos // fol, fols = folio, -os
fr. = français(e) // francese
Fr. = French
Ger. = German
h.t. = hors texte
ibid. = ibidem
Id. // Ead. // Iid. = idem, eadem, iidem (or eidem)
ill. = illustrazione // illustration
ingl. = inglese
it. = italiano (-a) // italien(ne) // italian
km = chilometro // kilomètre // kilometre
l. = ligne // line
m = metro // mètre // metre
mg. = margine // marge
misc. = miscellaneo (-a) // miscellaneous
ms. = manoscritto // manuscrit // manuscript
n. = nota // note
n.s. = nuova serie // nouvelle série // new series
no = numero // numéro // number
p. = pagina // page
pl. = planche // plate
r = recto
r. = riga
s. = seguente // suivant(e)
s.a. = sine anno
s.d. = senza data // sans date // sine die // sine data
s.l. = sine loco
s.T. = sine typographo
s.v. = sub voce
sec. = secolo
sx. = sinistro (-a)
t. = tomo // tome
tab. = tabella // table
tav. = tavola
ted. = tedesco (-a)
tr. = traduzione // traduction // translation
v = verso [of a folio or leaf]
v. = verso [of a poem] // vers // verse
vol. = volume
[…] = verba ab editore omissa